Test-Methods for 3D Printable Concrete (2022-08)¶
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Journal Article - Automation in Construction, Vol. 142
Abstract
3D concrete printing (3DCP) is a modern and upcoming technology that consists of building a structure layer by layer without the use of formwork. The quality of a 3D printed structure depends on various factors, predominantly 3D printable concrete (3DPC) mixes. As 3DCP development progresses from the laboratory to in-situ, understanding the fresh and hardened characteristics of 3DPC and the influencing factors are essential. This paper aims to give an up-to-date critical review of the various test methods used to characterize the fresh and hardened properties of 3DPC. The factors influencing the test techniques and future research directions for standardizing the test methods of 3DPC are discussed. The extensive information provided in this review on various test techniques used in 3DPC will assist the engineering community and 3DPC manufacturers in selecting the suitable methods or standards to test the 3DPC.
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80 Citations
- Gil-Lopez Tomas, Amirfiroozkoohi Alireza, Valiente López María, Verdu-Vazquez Maria (2026-01)
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Balancing Workability, Buildability, and Carbon Sequestration in 3D Printed Concrete via Direct CO2 Mineralization - Mohammed Salhah, Aljewifi Hana, Jldain Hafeth (2025-12)
Evaluating Compressive Strength in 3D-Printed Concrete Structures:
A Comparative Study of ANSYS Simulations and Experimental Data - Xue Jia-Chen, Wang Wei-Chien, Lee Ming-Gin, Huang Chia-Yun et al. (2025-12)
Effect of Aggregate-to-Binder Ratio on 3D Printed Concrete:
Printability, Mechanics, and Shrinkage - Taborda-Llano Isabella, Hoyos-Montilla Ary, Asensio Eloy, Guerrero Ana et al. (2025-12)
Influence of the Construction Process Parameters on the Mechanical Performance and Durability of 3D Printed Concrete:
A Systematic Review - Babajaniniashirvani Vida, Afsari Kereshmeh, McCoy Andrew (2025-12)
Investigating Key Competencies for 3D Concrete Printing in Affordable Housing - Ghodke Swapnil, Singh Bhupinder, Chowdhury Shubhankar (2025-11)
Some Insights on Role of Water Film-Thickness in Rheology of Coarse Aggregate-Based 3D Printable Concrete - Chen Wenguang, Yu Jie, Ye Junhong, Yu Jiangtao et al. (2025-11)
3D Printed High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites:
Fresh, Mechanical, and Microstructural Properties - Hasani Alireza, Dorafshan Sattar (2025-11)
Evaluation of Fresh, Hardened, and Durability Properties of Three-Dimensional Concrete Printed Pipes - Jamjala Siva, Thulasirangan Lakshmidevi Manivannan, Reddy K., Kafle Bidur et al. (2025-10)
A Critical Review on Synergistic Integration of Nanomaterials in 3D-Printed Concrete:
Rheology to Microstructure and Eco-Functionality - Pal Abhipsa, Wan-Wendner Lin (2025-10)
3D Concrete Printing and Infill Patterns of Energy Efficient Structural Wall Elements - Kim Yoon-Chul, Han Tong-Seok (2025-10)
Buildability Analysis in 3D Concrete Printing Using Computer Vision and Automated Annotation - Liu Ruiying, Xiong Zhongming, Chen Xuan, Jia Qiong et al. (2025-09)
Industrial Waste in 3D Printed Concrete:
A Mechanistic Review on Rheological Control and Printability - Kubjana Lucy, Aigbavboa Clinton, Adekunle Peter (2025-09)
Advancing Sustainable 3D-Printed Concrete:
A Bibliometric Study on Financing Housing Options - Ghodke Swapnil, Singh Arshdeep, Singh Bhupinder, Chowdhury Shubhankar (2025-08)
Additively Manufactured Smart Materials and Structures in Construction and Building Applications - Lin Yini, Yan Jiachuan, Sun Ming, Tang Boyang et al. (2025-08)
Effects of Waste Glass Powder on Printability, Hydration and Microstructure of 3D Printing Concrete - Kiyani Muhammad, Hussain Syed, Emaan Rajja, Kamal Muhammad et al. (2025-08)
Influence of Process Parameters on 3D Concrete Printing:
A Step Towards Standardized Approaches - Cui Weijiu, Guo Ruyi, Liu Wenliang, Da Wan et al. (2025-07)
Quality Assessment of 3D‐Printed Concrete Through Quantitative Visual Inspection - Kaur Zinnia, Goyal Shweta, Kwatra Naveen, Bera Tarun (2025-07)
Pore Structure Analysis and Durability Performance of Sustainable 3D Printed Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash and Limestone Calcined Clay Based Binders - Popli Siddharth, Valikhah Fatemeh, Zandi Lak Erfan, Das Sreekanta (2025-07)
Mechanical and Durability Performance of 3D-Printed Concrete with Coarse Aggregates and Cold Joints - Kontovourkis Odysseas, Georgiou Christos, Andreou Alexis, Andreou Vasilis et al. (2025-06)
Measuring and Evaluating Layer Height to Width Ratio in 3DCP Towards Higher Geometric Conformity - Kuang Hao, Deng Yang, Wang Dong, Jian Shouwei et al. (2025-05)
Strengthening Effect of In-Situ Sprayed UV-Curable Polyurethane-Acrylate Resin Coating on Slag-Based 3D Printing Concrete - Tanyildizi Harun, Seloglu Maksut, Bakri Abdullah Mohd, Razak Rafiza et al. (2025-04)
The Rheological and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Geopolymers:
A Review - Mim Nusrat, Shaikh Faiz, Sarker Prabir (2025-03)
Sustainable 3D Printed Concrete Incorporating Alternative Fine Aggregates:
A Review - Gulati Hemant, Lu Tianxing (2025-03)
Customized 3D Printable Concrete:
A Systematic Review of Challenges, Methodologies, and Adoption Strategies - Yuan Yong, Fatoyinbo Imoleayo, Sheng Ruiyi, Wang Qiling et al. (2025-02)
Advancing the Applicability of Recycled Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash as a Cement Substitute in Printable Concrete:
Emphasis on Rheological and Microstructural Properties - Chourasia Ajay, Pal Biswajit, Kapoor Ashish (2025-02)
Influence of Printing Direction and Interlayer Printing Time on the Bond Characteristics and Hardened Mechanical Properties of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based 3D Printed Concrete - Ambily Parukutty, Kaliyavaradhan Senthil, Sebastian Shilpa, Shekar Deepadharshan (2025-01)
Sustainable 3D Printable Concrete-Mix Using Copper-Slag - Pepe Marco, Lombardi Rosario, Lima Carmine, Paolillo Bruno et al. (2025-01)
Experimental Evidence on the Possible Use of Fine Concrete and Brick Recycled Aggregates for 3D Printed Cement-Based Mixtures - Li Leo, Zhang Guang-Hu, Kwan Albert (2025-01)
Exploring Submarine 3D Printing:
Enhancing Washout-Resistance and Strength of 3D Printable Mortar - Licciardello Lucia, Soto Alejandro, Kaufmann Walter, Metelli Giovanni (2025-01)
Determining the Strength of 3D Printed Concrete with the Modified Slant-Shear-Test - Hassan Amer, Alomayri Thamer, Noaman Mohammed, Zhang Chunwei (2025-01)
3D Printed Concrete for Sustainable Construction:
A Review of Mechanical Properties and Environmental Impact - Zhao Hongyu, Sun Junbo, Wang Xiangyu, Wang Yufei et al. (2024-12)
Real-Time and High-Accuracy Defect Monitoring for 3D Concrete Printing Using Transformer Networks - Lin Yini, Yan Jiachuan, Sun Ming, Han Xiaoyu et al. (2024-10)
Inter-Layer Cohesion in 3D Printed Concrete:
The Role of Width-to-Height-Ratio in Modulating Transport Properties and Pore-Structure - Over Derya, Ozbakan Nesil, Bustani Mehmet, Karali Bulut (2024-10)
An Investigation of Rheological Properties and Sustainability of Various 3D Printing Concrete Mixtures with Alternative Binders and Rheological Modifiers - Lindner Marco, Gliniorz Ralf, Funke Henrik, Gelbrich Sandra (2024-09)
Additive Flow Production of Lightweight Precision Concrete Elements - Chaudhari Ojas, Johansson Jan, Haage Mathias, Sjölander Andreas et al. (2024-09)
3D Printing-Strategy and Implementation for Concrete Prefabrication Industry in Sweden - Ler Kee-Hong, Ma Chau-Khun, Chin Chee-Long, Ibrahim Izni et al. (2024-08)
Porosity and Durability Tests on 3D Printing Concrete:
A Review - Ibrahim Kamoru, Zijl Gideon, Babafemi Adewumi (2024-08)
Time-Dependent Behavior of 3D Printed Fiber-Reinforced Limestone-Calcined-Clay-Cement Concrete Under Sustained Loadings - Aghaee Kamran, Li Linfei, Roshan Alireza, Namakiaraghi Parsa (2024-08)
Additive Manufacturing Evolution in Construction:
From Individual Terrestrial to Collective, Aerial, and Extraterrestrial Applications - Prem Prabhat, Ambily Parukutty, Kumar Shankar, Giridhar Greeshma et al. (2024-07)
Structural Build-Up-Model for Three-Dimensional Concrete Printing Based on Kinetics-Theory - Baktheer Abedulgader, Claßen Martin (2024-07)
A Review of Recent Trends and Challenges in Numerical Modeling of the Anisotropic Behavior of Hardened 3D Printed Concrete - Şahin Hatice, Mardani Ali, Mardani Naz (2024-07)
Performance Requirements and Optimum Mix Proportion of High-Volume Fly-Ash 3D Printable Concrete - Wang Yuting, Chen Meng, Zhang Tong, Zhang Mingzhong (2024-07)
Hardening Properties and Microstructure of 3D Printed Engineered Cementitious Composites Based on Limestone-Calcined-Clay-Cement - Salaimanimagudam M., Jayaprakash Jaganathan (2024-07)
Selection of Digital Fabrication Technique in the Construction Industry:
A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach - Hasani Alireza, Dorafshan Sattar (2024-06)
Transforming Construction?:
Evaluation of the State of Structural 3D Concrete Printing in Research and Practice - Yan Kang-Tai, Wang Xian-Peng, Ding Yao, Li Lingzhi et al. (2024-06)
3D Printed LC3-Based Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composites:
Fresh State, Hardened Material-Properties and Beam-Performance - Chen Wenguang, Ye Junhong, Jiang Fangming, Fediuk Roman et al. (2024-05)
Printability Region for 3D Printable Engineered Cementitious Composites - Liu Qiong, Tang Huilin, Chen Kailun, Peng Bin et al. (2024-05)
Utilizing CO2 to Improve Plastic Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Mortar Made with Recycled Fine Aggregates - Rahman Mahfuzur, Rawat Sanket, Yang Chunhui, Mahil Ahmed et al. (2024-05)
A Comprehensive Review on Fresh and Rheological Properties of 3D Printable Cementitious Composites - Khan Mehran, McNally Ciaran (2024-05)
Recent Developments on Low-Carbon 3D Printing Concrete:
Revolutionizing Construction Through Innovative Technology - Zhao Hongyu, Wang Xiangyu, Sun Junbo, Wang Yufei et al. (2024-04)
Artificial Intelligence Powered Real-Time Quality Monitoring for Additive Manufacturing in Construction - Jancarikova Denisa, Khongova Ingrid, Bibora Petr, Szklorzova Halina (2024-03)
3D Printed Cement Composites Testing - Gappmeier Peter, Reichenbach Sara, Kromoser Benjamin (2024-03)
Advances in Formwork Automation, Structure and Materials in Concrete Construction - Liu Xinhao, Hu Jiajun, Guo Xiaolu (2024-03)
Printability and Inter-Layer Bonding Property of 3D Printed Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymer - Robayo-Salazar Rafael, Vargas Armando, Martínez Fabio, Gutiérrez Ruby (2024-02)
Utilization of Powders and Fine Aggregates from the Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste in the 3D Printing of Portland-Based Cementitious Materials - Kaliyavaradhan Senthil, Ambily Parukutty, Shekar Deepadharshan, Sebastian Shilpa (2024-02)
Effect of Sand-Gradations on the Fresh Properties of 3D Printable Concrete - Vigneshwari Are, Jayaprakash Jaganathan (2024-02)
A Review on 3D Printable Cementitious Material Containing Copper and Iron-Ore-Tailings:
Material-Characterization, Activation-Methods, Engineering-Properties, Durability, and Microstructure-Behavior - Prem Prabhat, Ambily Parukutty, Kumar Shankar, Ghodke Swapnil (2024-01)
A Theoretical Model to Predict the Structural Buildability of 3D Printable Concrete - Sahai Rajan, Bisht Ravindra, Malviya Nitesh, Kumar Shivam et al. (2024-01)
Aspects of Waste-Material-Utilization and 3D Concrete Printer Development-Approach:
A Review - Alyami Mana, Khan Majid, Javed Muhammad, Ali Mujahid et al. (2023-12)
Application of Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in Predicting the Compressive Strength of 3D Printed Fiber-Reinforced Concrete - Ambily Parukutty, Kaliyavaradhan Senthil, Sebastian Shilpa, Shekar Deepadharshan (2023-12)
Mixing Approach for 3D Printable Concrete:
Method of Addition and Optimization of Superplasticizer Dosage - Ambily Parukutty, Rajendran Neeraja, Kaliyavaradhan Senthil (2023-11)
Mix-Design, Optimization and Performance-Evaluation of Extrusion-Based 3D Printable Concrete - Ingle Vaibhav, Kaliyavaradhan Senthil, Ambily Parukutty, Shekar Deepadharshan (2023-09)
3D Printable Concrete Without Chemical Admixtures:
Fresh and Hardened Properties - Yin Yunchao, Huang Jian, Wang Tiezhu, Yang Rong et al. (2023-09)
Effect of Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose on Rheology and Printability of the First Printed Layer of Cement Activated Slag-Based 3D Printing Concrete - Ingle Vaibhav, Prem Prabhat, Ramamurthy Vignesh, Ravichandran Darssni (2023-09)
Acoustic Emission Characterization of 3D Printed Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Beams Under Bending - Ramamurthy Vignesh, Prem Prabhat, Ingle Vaibhav, Giridhar Greeshma (2023-09)
Fracture Characterization of 3D Printed Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Concrete Beams Using Acoustic Emission - Shilar Fatheali, Ganachari Sharanabasava, Patil Veerabhadragouda, Bhojaraja B. et al. (2023-08)
A Review of 3D Printing of Geopolymer Composites for Structural and Functional Applications - Wang Qing, Ren Xiaodan, Li Jie (2023-08)
Damage-Rheology Model for Predicting 3D Printed Concrete Buildability - Wang Fei, Hua Sudong, Chen Tingzhu, He Bijuan et al. (2023-07)
Effect of Nano-Clay and PCE on the Buildability of Ultra-Fine Dredged Sand-Based 3D Printing Materials - Salaimanimagudam M., Jayaprakash Jaganathan (2023-06)
Effect of Printing Parameters on Inter-Filament Voids, Bonding, and Geometrical Deviation in Concrete 3D Printed Structures - Robayo-Salazar Rafael, Martínez Fabio, Vargas Armando, Gutiérrez Ruby (2023-06)
3D Printing of Hybrid Cements Based on High Contents of Powders from Concrete, Ceramic and Brick Waste Chemically Activated with Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) - Ali Ammar, Riaz Raja, Malik Umair, Abbas Syed et al. (2023-06)
Machine-Learning-Based Predictive-Model for Tensile and Flexural Strength of 3D Printed Concrete - Ambily Parukutty, Kaliyavaradhan Senthil, Rajendran Neeraja (2023-05)
Top Challenges to Widespread 3D Concrete Printing Adoption:
A Review - Xu Nuoyan, Qian Ye (2023-04)
Effects of Fiber-Volume Fraction, Fiber Length, Water-Binder Ratio, and Nano-Clay Addition on the 3D Printability of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites - Ravichandran Darssni, Giridhar Greeshma, Ramamurthy Vignesh, Prem Prabhat (2023-03)
Influence of Test-Protocol on Determining the Rheological Properties of Cement-Pastes-Mixtures for Concrete 3D Printing - Giridhar Greeshma, Prem Prabhat, Jiao Dengwu (2023-03)
Effect of Varying Shear Rates at Different Resting Times on the Rheology of 3D Printable Concrete - Giridhar Greeshma, Prem Prabhat, Kumar Shankar (2023-01)
Development of Concrete Mixes for 3D Printing Using Simple Tools and Techniques - Robayo-Salazar Rafael, Gutiérrez Ruby, Villaquirán-Caicedo Mónica, Delvasto Arjona Silvio (2022-12)
3D Printing with Cementitious Materials:
Challenges and Opportunities for the Construction Sector
BibTeX
@article{kali_ambi_prem_ghod.2022.TMf3PC,
author = "Senthil Kumar Kaliyavaradhan and Parukutty S. Ambily and Prabhat Ranjan Prem and Swapnil Balasaheb Ghodke",
title = "Test-Methods for 3D Printable Concrete",
doi = "10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104529",
year = "2022",
journal = "Automation in Construction",
volume = "142",
}
Formatted Citation
S. K. Kaliyavaradhan, P. S. Ambily, P. R. Prem and S. B. Ghodke, “Test-Methods for 3D Printable Concrete”, Automation in Construction, vol. 142, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104529.
Kaliyavaradhan, Senthil Kumar, Parukutty S. Ambily, Prabhat Ranjan Prem, and Swapnil Balasaheb Ghodke. “Test-Methods for 3D Printable Concrete”. Automation in Construction 142 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104529.