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Strategies to Enhance Interlayer Bonding in 3D Printed Concrete (2025-09)

A Review

10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114077

Chan Li-Jing,  Padil Khairul, Chin Chee-Long,  Ibrahim Izni, Ma Chau-Khun, Chiew Singh-Mei,  Ler Kee-Hong, ab Ghafar Mohd
Journal Article - Journal of Building Engineering, No. 114077

Abstract

3D printed concrete (3DPC) builds structures layer by layer using automated extrusion of concrete mixtures, offering a new approach to construction that different with traditional construction method. Among the key technical challenges in 3DPC, interlayer bonding strength stands out as a critical factor influencing structural performance and long-term durability. This review systematically examines recent advancements and methods developed to enhance bonding strength between printed layers. Six main strategies are explored: (i) reinforcement integration, (ii) printed layer surface treatment (iii) nozzle head innovation, (iv) orientation and printed layer design, (v) concrete mix adjustment, and (vi) curing methods. Each strategy is analysed based on its experimental findings, mechanical performance outcomes, and feasibility in real-world construction. By comparing various research efforts, this paper identifies key influencing parameters and outlines the strengths and limitations of each technique. This review contributes to the existing body of knowledge by organizing recent findings, identifying current research gaps, and providing a structured reference for further investigation and standardization efforts in 3DPC interlayer bonding enhancement.

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2 Citations

  1. Sun Yuhang, Li Chuang, Liu Xiongfei, Wang Li et al. (2025-11)
    Enhancing Sulfate Resistance of Spray-Based 3D Printed Recycled Tunnel Slag Concrete Through Polypropylene Fiber Optimization
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BibTeX 
@article{chan_padi_chin_ibra.2025.StEIBi3PC,
  author            = "Li-Jing Chan and Khairul Hazman Padil and Chee-Long Chin and Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim and Chau-Khun Ma and Singh-Mei Chiew and Kee-Hong Ler and Mohd Aminul Izmeer Ab Ghafar",
  title             = "Strategies to Enhance Interlayer Bonding in 3D Printed Concrete: A Review",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114077",
  year              = "2025",
  journal           = "Journal of Building Engineering",
  pages             = "114077",
}
Formatted Citation

L.-J. Chan, “Strategies to Enhance Interlayer Bonding in 3D Printed Concrete: A Review”, Journal of Building Engineering, p. 114077, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114077.

Chan, Li-Jing, Khairul Hazman Padil, Chee-Long Chin, Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim, Chau-Khun Ma, Singh-Mei Chiew, Kee-Hong Ler, and Mohd Aminul Izmeer Ab Ghafar. “Strategies to Enhance Interlayer Bonding in 3D Printed Concrete: A Review”. Journal of Building Engineering, 2025, 114077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.114077.