Skip to content

Experimental Study on the Bond Behavior Between Steel-Bars and 3D Printed Concrete (2022-01)

10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104105

 Ding Tao, Qin Fei,  Xiao Jianzhuang, Chen Xiaoming,  Zuo Zibo
Journal Article - Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 49

Abstract

The effects of the steel bar direction, steel bar anchorage length, and incorporation of recycled sand and fibre on the bond behaviour of 3D printed concrete specimens were investigated with pull-out tests. The steel bar was placed and covered by multiple printed concrete layers in this study. Compared with mould-cast concrete specimens, the bond failure pattern was similar when the steel bar was pulled out for the 3D printed concrete specimen. However, because the 3D printed concrete specimens had multiple internal interfaces, the probability of splitting failure was higher, and the failure patterns were clearly different. In general, the bond strengths of the 3D printed concrete specimens were lower than those of mould-cast specimens, and there were differences in the bond strength when the steel bars were placed in various directions. Moreover, the modified bond strength model proposed in this study agrees well with the test results and can be used to predict the bond strength between steel bars and 3D printed concrete.

40 References

  1. Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Freek, Brunschot Maikel, Salet Theo (2020-02)
    On-Demand Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Concrete
  2. Ashrafi Negar, Duarte José, Nazarian Shadi, Meisel Nicholas (2018-10)
    Evaluating the Relationship Between Deposition and Layer-Quality in Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing of Concrete
  3. Asprone Domenico, Menna Costantino, Bos Freek, Salet Theo et al. (2018-06)
    Rethinking Reinforcement for Digital Fabrication with Concrete
  4. Baz Bilal, Aouad Georges, Leblond Philippe, Mansouri Omar et al. (2020-05)
    Mechanical Assessment of Concrete:
    Steel Bonding in 3D Printed Elements
  5. Baz Bilal, Aouad Georges, Rémond Sébastien (2020-01)
    Effect of the Printing Method and Mortar’s Workability on Pull-Out Strength of 3D Printed Elements
  6. Bos Freek, Bosco Emanuela, Salet Theo (2018-11)
    Ductility of 3D Printed Concrete Reinforced with Short Straight Steel-Fibers
  7. Bos Freek, Wolfs Robert, Ahmed Zeeshan, Salet Theo (2016-08)
    Additive Manufacturing of Concrete in Construction:
    Potentials and Challenges of 3D Concrete Printing
  8. Claßen Martin, Ungermann Jan, Sharma Rahul (2020-05)
    Additive Manufacturing of Reinforced Concrete:
    Development of a 3D Printing Technology for Cementitious Composites with Metallic Reinforcement
  9. Ding Tao, Xiao Jianzhuang, Zou Shuai, Wang Yu (2020-06)
    Hardened Properties of Layered 3D Printed Concrete with Recycled Sand
  10. Ding Tao, Xiao Jianzhuang, Zou Shuai, Zhou Xinji (2020-08)
    Anisotropic Behavior in Bending of 3D Printed Concrete Reinforced with Fibers
  11. Freund Niklas, Mai (née Dressler) Inka, Lowke Dirk (2020-07)
    Studying the Bond Properties of Vertical Integrated Short Reinforcement in the Shotcrete 3D Printing Process
  12. Gebhard Lukas, Mata-Falcón Jaime, Anton Ana-Maria, Dillenburger Benjamin et al. (2021-04)
    Structural Behavior of 3D Printed Concrete Beams with Various Reinforcement-Strategies
  13. Hack Norman, Dörfler Kathrin, Walzer Alexander, Wangler Timothy et al. (2020-03)
    Structural Stay-in-Place Formwork for Robotic In-Situ Fabrication of Non-Standard Concrete Structures:
    A Real-Scale Architectural Demonstrator
  14. Hack Norman, Lauer Willi (2014-04)
    Mesh Mould:
    Robotically Fabricated Spatial Meshes as Reinforced Concrete Formwork
  15. Hambach Manuel, Rutzen Matthias, Volkmer Dirk (2019-02)
    Properties of 3D-Printed Fiber-Reinforced Portland Cement-Paste
  16. Han Yilong, Yang Zhihan, Ding Tao, Xiao Jianzhuang (2020-08)
    Environmental and Economic Assessment on 3D Printed Buildings with Recycled Concrete
  17. Hass Lauri, Bos Freek (2020-07)
    Bending and Pull-Out Tests on a Novel Screw Type Reinforcement for Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Concrete
  18. Khoshnevis Behrokh (2003-11)
    Automated Construction by Contour Crafting:
    Related Robotics and Information Technologies
  19. Le Thanh, Austin Simon, Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard et al. (2012-01)
    Hardened Properties of High-Performance Printing Concrete
  20. Li Victor, Bos Freek, Yu Kequan, McGee Wesley et al. (2020-04)
    On the Emergence of 3D Printable Engineered, Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites
  21. Li Zhijian, Wang Li, Ma Guowei, Sanjayan Jay et al. (2020-07)
    Strength and Ductility Enhancement of 3D Printing Structure Reinforced by Embedding Continuous Micro-Cables
  22. Liu Miao, Zhang Qiyun, Tan Zhendong, Wang Li et al. (2021-01)
    Investigation of Steel-Wire-Mesh-Reinforcement Method for 3D Concrete Printing
  23. Ma Guowei, Li Zhijian, Wang Li, Wang Fang et al. (2019-01)
    Mechanical Anisotropy of Aligned Fiber-Reinforced Composite for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
  24. Ma Guowei, Salman Nazar, Wang Li, Wang Fang (2020-02)
    A Novel Additive Mortar Leveraging Internal Curing for Enhancing Inter-Layer Bonding of Cementitious Composite for 3D Printing
  25. Marchment Taylor, Sanjayan Jay (2020-09)
    Bond Properties of Reinforcing Bar Penetrations in 3D Concrete Printing
  26. Matthäus Carla, Kofler Nadine, Kränkel Thomas, Weger Daniel et al. (2020-10)
    Inter-Layer Reinforcement Combined with Fiber-Reinforcement for Extruded Lightweight Mortar Elements
  27. Mechtcherine Viktor, Buswell Richard, Kloft Harald, Bos Freek et al. (2021-02)
    Integrating Reinforcement in Digital Fabrication with Concrete:
    A Review and Classification Framework
  28. Mechtcherine Viktor, Grafe Jasmin, Nerella Venkatesh, Spaniol Erik et al. (2018-05)
    3D Printed Steel-Reinforcement for Digital Concrete Construction:
    Manufacture, Mechanical Properties and Bond Behavior
  29. Nerella Venkatesh, Hempel Simone, Mechtcherine Viktor (2019-02)
    Effects of Layer-Interface Properties on Mechanical Performance of Concrete Elements Produced by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
  30. Panda Biranchi, Paul Suvash, Tan Ming (2017-07)
    Anisotropic Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Fiber-Reinforced Sustainable Construction-Material
  31. Sun Xiaoyan, Gao Chao, Wang Hailong (2020-10)
    Bond-Performance Between BFRP-Bars and 3D Printed Concrete
  32. Tay Yi, Ting Guan, Qian Ye, Panda Biranchi et al. (2018-07)
    Time-Gap-Effect on Bond Strength of 3D Printed Concrete
  33. Vantyghem Gieljan, Corte Wouter, Shakour Emad, Amir Oded (2020-01)
    3D Printing of a Post-Tensioned Concrete Girder Designed by Topology-Optimization
  34. Wang Li, Ma Guowei, Liu Tianhao, Buswell Richard et al. (2021-07)
    Inter-Layer Reinforcement of 3D Printed Concrete by the In-Process Deposition of U-Nails
  35. Xiao Jianzhuang, Chen Zixuan, Ding Tao, Zou Shuai (2021-10)
    Bending Behavior of Steel-Cable-Reinforced 3D Printed Concrete in the Direction Perpendicular to the Interfaces
  36. Xiao Jianzhuang, Liu Haoran, Ding Tao (2020-11)
    Finite-Element-Analysis on the Anisotropic Behavior of 3D Printed Concrete under Compression and Flexure
  37. Xiao Jianzhuang, Zou Shuai, Yu Ying, Wang Yu et al. (2020-09)
    3D Recycled Mortar Printing:
    System-Development, Process-Design, Material-Properties and On-Site-Printing
  38. Zareiyan Babak, Khoshnevis Behrokh (2017-06)
    Inter-Layer Adhesion and Strength of Structures in Contour Crafting:
    Effects of Aggregate-Size, Extrusion-Rate, and Layer-Thickness
  39. Zhu Binrong, Nematollahi Behzad, Pan Jinlong, Zhang Yang et al. (2021-04)
    3D Concrete Printing of Permanent Formwork for Concrete Column Construction
  40. Zhu Binrong, Pan Jinlong, Zhou Zhenxin, Cai Jingming (2021-04)
    Mechanical Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Beams Fabricated by Extrusion-Based 3D

23 Citations

  1. Wang Xiangyu, Wang Sizhe, Deng North, Liu Zhenbang et al. (2026-01)
    Robotic Rebar Insertion and Grouting for Reinforcement of 3D Printed Concrete:
    Technique Development and Bond Behavior Characterization
  2. Abbas Yassir, Alsaif Abdulaziz (2025-11)
    Explainable Data-Driven Modeling for Optimized Mix Design of 3D-Printed Concrete:
    Interpreting Nonlinear Synergies Among Binder Components and Proportions
  3. Syed Sajid, Abid Khasim, Khan Majid (2025-09)
    An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Reinforcement Bond Performance in 3D Concrete Printing
  4. Sagyntay Mukhagali, Storch Florian, Mustafa Azamat, Plaschnick Paul et al. (2025-06)
    Automated Production of 3D Printed Сoncrete Structures with Integrated Reinforcement Mesh Based on Standard Reinforcement Bars
  5. Yao Jiaxu, Luo Jie, Qiu Minghong, Nagai Kohei (2025-06)
    Mesoscale Modeling of Anisotropic Compressive Behavior and Pull-Out Performance of 3D Printed Concrete with Steel Bars Using 3D RBSM
  6. Chandra Jimmy, Halim Alvin, Budiman Franky, Pudjisuryadi Pamuda et al. (2025-05)
    Experimental Study of Bond Strength of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Vibration-Based 3D Printed Concrete Mortar
  7. Yang Guojun, Weng Yiwei, Tian Jiefu, Yang Zhenjun (2025-05)
    3D Printing Towards Cost-Effective Design of Composite UHPFRC Beams:
    Effects of Fiber Distribution and Orientation on Flexural Performances and Failure Mode Transition
  8. Liu Chao, Liang Zhan, Liu Huawei, Wu Yiwen et al. (2025-03)
    Seismic Performance of 3D Printed Reinforced Concrete Walls:
    Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation
  9. Wang Qiang, Yang Wenwei, Wang Li, Bai Gang et al. (2025-03)
    Reinforcement Design and Structural Performance for the Topology Optimized 3D Printed Concrete Truss Beams
  10. Zeng Jun-Jie, Sun Hou-Qi, Deng Run-Bin, Yan Zitong et al. (2025-02)
    Bond Performance Between FRP-Bars and 3D-Printed High-Performance Concrete
  11. Chen Meng, Yu Kanghao, Zhang Tong, Wang Yuting (2025-01)
    Characterizing and Modelling the Bond-Slip-Behavior of Steel-Bars in 3D Printed Engineered Cementitious Composites
  12. Liu Chao, Zhang Yukun, Liu Huawei, Wu Yiwen et al. (2024-10)
    Inter-Layer Reinforced 3D Printed Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregate:
    Shear Properties and Enhancement Methods
  13. Ma Xin-Rui, Wang Xian-Lin, Chen Shi-Zi (2024-09)
    Trustworthy Machine Learning-Enhanced 3D Concrete Printing:
    Predicting Bond Strength and Designing Reinforcement Embedment Length
  14. Baktheer Abedulgader, Claßen Martin (2024-07)
    A Review of Recent Trends and Challenges in Numerical Modeling of the Anisotropic Behavior of Hardened 3D Printed Concrete
  15. Liu Huawei, Liu Chao, Zhang Yamei, Bai Guoliang (2023-11)
    Bonding Properties Between 3D Printed Coarse Aggregate Concrete and Rebar Based on Interface Structural Characteristics
  16. Wang Xianlin, Banthia Nemkumar, Yoo Doo-Yeol (2023-11)
    Reinforcement Bond Performance in 3D Concrete Printing:
    Explainable Ensemble Learning Augmented by Deep Generative Adversarial Networks
  17. Ghasemi Alireza, Naser Mohannad (2023-07)
    Tailoring 3D Printed Concrete Through Explainable Artificial Intelligence
  18. Hou Shaodan, Duan Zhenhua, Ye Taohua, Zou Shuai et al. (2023-06)
    Mechanical Properties and Pore-Structure of 3D Printed Mortar with Recycled Powder
  19. Budiman Franky, Chandra Jimmy, Halim Alvin, Pudjisuryadi Pamuda (2023-04)
    Flexural and Shear Behavior of 3D Printed Reinforced Concrete Beams:
    An Experimental Study
  20. Maurya Shubham, Dey Dhrutiman, Panda Biranchi, Dixit Uday (2023-04)
    In-Line Reinforcement of Steel-Cable in 3D Concrete Printing
  21. Ding Tao, Wang Ziyue, Liu Haoran, Xiao Jianzhuang (2023-03)
    Simulation on Pull-Out Performance of Steel-Bar from 3D Printed Concrete
  22. Wang Zhibin, Jia Lutao, Deng Zhicong, Zhang Chao et al. (2022-08)
    Bond Behavior Between Steel-Bars and 3D Printed Concrete:
    Effect of Concrete Rheological Property, Steel-Bar Diameter and Paste-Coating
  23. Gebhard Lukas, Esposito Laura, Menna Costantino, Mata-Falcón Jaime (2022-07)
    Inter-Laboratory Study on the Influence of 3D Concrete Printing Set-Ups on the Bond Behavior of Various Reinforcements

BibTeX
@article{ding_qin_xiao_chen.2022.ESotBBBSBa3PC,
  author            = "Tao Ding and Fei Qin and Jianzhuang Xiao and Xiaoming Chen and Zibo Zuo",
  title             = "Experimental Study on the Bond Behavior Between Steel-Bars and 3D Printed Concrete",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104105",
  year              = "2022",
  journal           = "Journal of Building Engineering",
  volume            = "49",
}
Formatted Citation

T. Ding, F. Qin, J. Xiao, X. Chen and Z. Zuo, “Experimental Study on the Bond Behavior Between Steel-Bars and 3D Printed Concrete”, Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 49, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104105.

Ding, Tao, Fei Qin, Jianzhuang Xiao, Xiaoming Chen, and Zibo Zuo. “Experimental Study on the Bond Behavior Between Steel-Bars and 3D Printed Concrete”. Journal of Building Engineering 49 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104105.