Powder-Bed Additive Manufacturing (2023-12)¶

3D printing was invented by Sachs and co-workers in 1989, who achieved a patent for the selective particle-bed three-dimensional printing technique. This technique is sometimes called binder jet 3D printing or inkjet 3D printing. This process consists of: (1) depositing a layer of powder material in a confined region; (2) applying additional material to selected areas of the powder layer, causing a layer of powder material to become bonded at those areas; and (3) repeating steps (1) and (2) a predetermined number of times to produce successive layers that become bonded to each other. The loose particles are removed in a depowdering procedure at the end of the printing process. Following printing, additional post-treatment of the printed elements might be possible. The concept of binder jetting was brought to the construction industry by Enrico Dini, who founded the D-Shape company in 2004. The D-Shape process is similar to particle-bed 3D printing, and was made possible by developments in digital technology and automation in the construction process. Additive manufacturing technologies have begun to be actively developed in the field of construction.