Skip to content

Additive Manufacturing with Concrete (2024-03)

Guidelines for Planning and Implementing Projects

10.1002/best.202400005

 Mechtcherine Viktor, Kuhn Alexander,  Mai (née Dressler) Inka,  Nerella Venkatesh,  Weger Daniel,  Ivaniuk Egor, Wiens Udo
Journal Article - Beton- und Stahlbetonbau, Vol. 119, Iss. 4, pp. 290-310

Abstract

This guideline, created by the working group "Digital concrete construction through additive manufacturing" of the German Committee for Reinforced Concrete Construction (DAfStb), serves as a comprehensive resource to support the planning and implementation of additive manufacturing projects in concrete construction in Germany. It is aimed at architects, planners, applicants, material manufacturers, construction companies and other parties involved in construction. After a brief introduction to the classification, terminology and methods of additive manufacturing, legal aspects and approval procedures are highlighted to ensure the seamless integration of this technology into construction practice. The guide deals with the classification of additive manufacturing methods with concrete in building regulations, explains the approval process and provides guidance on coordinating responsibilities for projects. It addresses technical rules for the design and construction of load-bearing structures, in particular for additively manufactured walls, and deals with design aspects of reinforcement. An important component is concrete and component testing, including methods for sample preparation and test methods for fresh and hardened concrete, which makes the guide a helpful tool for professionals in the field of digital concrete construction.

33 References

  1. Anleu Paula, Wangler Timothy, Nerella Venkatesh, Mechtcherine Viktor et al. (2023-03)
    Using Micro-XRF to Characterize Chloride-Ingress Through Cold Joints in 3D Printed Concrete
  2. Asprone Domenico, Auricchio Ferdinando, Menna Costantino, Mercuri Valentina (2018-03)
    3D Printing of Reinforced Concrete Elements:
    Technology and Design Approach
  3. Bos Freek, Menna Costantino, Pradena Mauricio, Kreiger Eric et al. (2022-03)
    The Realities of Additively Manufactured Concrete Structures in Practice
  4. Bos Freek, Wolfs Robert, Ahmed Zeeshan, Salet Theo (2016-08)
    Additive Manufacturing of Concrete in Construction:
    Potentials and Challenges of 3D Concrete Printing
  5. Buswell Richard, Silva Wilson, Bos Freek, Schipper Roel et al. (2020-05)
    A Process Classification Framework for Defining and Describing Digital Fabrication with Concrete
  6. Chen Yu, Li Zhenming, Figueiredo Stefan, Çopuroğlu Oğuzhan et al. (2019-04)
    Limestone and Calcined-Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing:
    A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development
  7. Chen Hao, Zhang Daobo, Chen Peng, Li Ning et al. (2023-03)
    A Review of the Extruder System Design for Large-Scale Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing
  8. Ducoulombier Nicolas, Mesnil Romain, Carneau Paul, Demont Léo et al. (2021-05)
    The “Slugs-Test” for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing:
    Protocol, Analysis and Practical Limits
  9. Figueiredo Stefan, Rodríguez Claudia, Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Derk et al. (2019-03)
    An Approach to Develop Printable Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites
  10. Ivanova Irina, Ivaniuk Egor, Bisetti Sameercharan, Nerella Venkatesh et al. (2022-03)
    Comparison Between Methods for Indirect Assessment of Buildability in Fresh 3D Printed Mortar and Concrete
  11. Le Thanh, Austin Simon, Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard et al. (2012-01)
    Hardened Properties of High-Performance Printing Concrete
  12. Le Thanh, Austin Simon, Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard et al. (2012-01)
    Mix-Design and Fresh Properties for High-Performance Printing Concrete
  13. Li Victor, Bos Freek, Yu Kequan, McGee Wesley et al. (2020-04)
    On the Emergence of 3D Printable Engineered, Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites
  14. Mai (née Dressler) Inka, Freund Niklas, Lowke Dirk (2020-01)
    The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Inter-Layer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing
  15. Mechtcherine Viktor, Buswell Richard, Kloft Harald, Bos Freek et al. (2021-02)
    Integrating Reinforcement in Digital Fabrication with Concrete:
    A Review and Classification Framework
  16. Mechtcherine Viktor, Mai (née Dressler) Inka, Empelmann Martin, Gehlen Christoph et al. (2021-09)
    Digital Concrete Construction by Means of Additive Processes:
    State of the Art and Research Needs
  17. Mechtcherine Viktor, Nerella Venkatesh, Will Frank, Näther Mathias et al. (2019-08)
    Large-Scale Digital Concrete Construction:
    CONPrint3D Concept for On-Site, Monolithic 3D Printing
  18. Mechtcherine Viktor, Tittelboom Kim, Kazemian Ali, Kreiger Eric et al. (2022-04)
    A Roadmap for Quality-Control of Hardening and Hardened Printed Concrete
  19. Meurer Maximilian, Claßen Martin (2021-02)
    Mechanical Properties of Hardened 3D Printed Concretes and Mortars:
    Development of a Consistent Experimental Characterization-Strategy
  20. Ogura Hiroki, Nerella Venkatesh, Mechtcherine Viktor (2018-08)
    Developing and Testing of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) in the Context of 3D Printing
  21. Panda Biranchi, Lim Jian, Tan Ming (2019-02)
    Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Early-Age Concrete in the Context of Digital Construction
  22. Pott Ursula, Stephan Dietmar (2021-04)
    Penetration-Test as a Fast Method to Determine Yield-Stress and Structural Build-Up for 3D Printing of Cementitious Materials
  23. Putten Jolien, Deprez Maxim, Cnudde Veerle, Schutter Geert et al. (2019-09)
    Microstructural Characterization of 3D Printed Cementitious Materials
  24. Putten Jolien, Nerella Venkatesh, Mechtcherine Viktor, Hondt Mélody et al. (2022-01)
    Properties and Testing of Printed Cement-Based Materials in Hardened State
  25. Reiter Lex, Wangler Timothy, Roussel Nicolas, Flatt Robert (2022-04)
    Slow Penetration for Characterizing Concrete for Digital Fabrication
  26. Roussel Nicolas (2018-05)
    Rheological Requirements for Printable Concretes
  27. Salet Theo, Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Freek, Laagland Hans (2018-05)
    Design of a 3D Printed Concrete Bridge by Testing
  28. Schutter Geert, Lesage Karel, Mechtcherine Viktor, Nerella Venkatesh et al. (2018-08)
    Vision of 3D Printing with Concrete:
    Technical, Economic and Environmental Potentials
  29. Secrieru Egor, Cotardo Dario, Mechtcherine Viktor, Lohaus Ludger et al. (2018-04)
    Changes in Concrete Properties During Pumping and Formation of Lubricating Material Under Pressure
  30. Souza Marcelo, Ferreira Igor, Moraes Elisângela, Senff Luciano et al. (2020-09)
    3D Printed Concrete for Large-Scale Buildings:
    An Overview of Rheology, Printing Parameters, Chemical Admixtures, Reinforcements, and Economic and Environmental Prospects
  31. Weger Daniel, Stengel Thorsten, Gehlen Christoph, Maciejewski Yannick et al. (2021-12)
    Approval for the Construction of the First 3D Printed Detached House in Germany:
    Significance of Large-Scale Element Testing
  32. Wolfs Robert, Bos Freek, Salet Theo (2018-02)
    Early-Age Mechanical Behaviour of 3D Printed Concrete:
    Numerical Modelling and Experimental Testing
  33. Wolfs Robert, Bos Freek, Salet Theo (2019-06)
    Triaxial Compression Testing on Early-Age Concrete for Numerical Analysis of 3D Concrete Printing

4 Citations

  1. Vasilić Ksenija (2025-02)
    Standardization Aspects of Concrete 3D Printing
  2. Manny Agemar, Dehn Frank (2025-02)
    Basics of 3D Printing in Concrete Construction:
    Recommendations for Practice
  3. Aziz Saqib, Alexander Bradley, Gengnagel Christoph, Loutfi Jamila (2024-12)
    Minimal Mineral ‑ Rethinking Ceiling Systems:
    Shaping the Future of Sustainable Construction
  4. Placzek Gerrit, Schwerdtner Patrick (2024-10)
    A Global Snapshot of 3D Printed Buildings:
    Uncovering Robotic-Oriented Fabrication-Strategies

BibTeX 
@article{mech_kuhn_mai_nere.2024.AMwC,
  author            = "Viktor Mechtcherine and Alexander Kuhn and Inka Mai (née Dressler) and Venkatesh Naidu Nerella and Daniel Weger and Egor Ivaniuk and Udo Wiens",
  title             = "Additive Manufacturing with Concrete: Guidelines for Planning and Implementing Projects",
  doi               = "10.1002/best.202400005",
  year              = "2024",
  journal           = "Beton- und Stahlbetonbau",
  volume            = "119",
  number            = "4",
  pages             = "290--310",
}
Formatted Citation

V. Mechtcherine, “Additive Manufacturing with Concrete: Guidelines for Planning and Implementing Projects”, Beton- und Stahlbetonbau, vol. 119, no. 4, pp. 290–310, 2024, doi: 10.1002/best.202400005.

Mechtcherine, Viktor, Alexander Kuhn, Inka Mai (née Dressler), Venkatesh Naidu Nerella, Daniel Weger, Egor Ivaniuk, and Udo Wiens. “Additive Manufacturing with Concrete: Guidelines for Planning and Implementing Projects”. Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau 119, no. 4 (2024): 290–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/best.202400005.