Chloride Transport Anisotropy and Interfacial Degradation in 3D-Printed Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (2025-07)¶

Multi-Scale Evaluation and Engineering Implications

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142722

Dong Liang, Wu Chengqing, Liu Zhongxian, Wu Pengtao, Shao Ruizhe, Ren Quanchang, Liu Jiaojian
Journal Article - Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 491, No. 142722

Abstract

This study investigates the chloride transport behaviour and interfacial degradation mechanisms of 3D-printed ultra-high-performance concrete (3DP-UHPC) under chloride exposure. A comprehensive comparison was conducted between different printing orientations (X, Y, Z) and mould-casting UHPC (MC-UHPC) in terms of mechanical performance, chloride diffusion, pore structure, and hydration product evolution. Long-term immersion tests in 3.5 % NaCl solution were performed, coupled with multi-scale characterisations including CT (computed tomography) -based 3D reconstruction, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses. The results revealed a typical surface-enrichment and deep-layer shielding pattern of chloride penetration, strongly influenced by printing orientation. Notably, the 3D-Z direction exhibited enhanced interfacial density and superior resistance to chloride ingress, while the 3D-X direction showed the highest porosity, leading to severe localised degradation. Correlation models between porosity, chloride content, and C-S-H integrity were established, confirming a coupled mechanism wherein structural anisotropy governs ion transport and chloride accumulation drives interfacial deterioration. These findings provide engineering insight into the durability design of 3D-printed concrete structures and offer quantitative guidance for interfacial optimisation and printing process control.

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30 References

1 Citations

Chen Wenguang, Yu Jie, Ye Junhong, Yu Jiangtao et al. (2025-11)
3D Printed High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites:
Fresh, Mechanical, and Microstructural Properties

BibTeX

@article{dong_wu_liu_wu.2025.CTAaIDi3PUHPC,
  author            = "Liang Dong and Chengqing Wu and Zhongxian Liu and Pengtao Wu and Ruizhe Shao and Quanchang Ren and Jiaojian Liu",
  title             = "Chloride Transport Anisotropy and Interfacial Degradation in 3D-Printed Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Multi-Scale Evaluation and Engineering Implications",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142722",
  year              = "2025",
  journal           = "Construction and Building Materials",
  volume            = "491",
  pages             = "142722",
}

Formatted Citation

IEEE

L. Dong, “Chloride Transport Anisotropy and Interfacial Degradation in 3D-Printed Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Multi-Scale Evaluation and Engineering Implications”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 491, p. 142722, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142722.

CMOS

Dong, Liang, Chengqing Wu, Zhongxian Liu, Pengtao Wu, Ruizhe Shao, Quanchang Ren, and Jiaojian Liu. “Chloride Transport Anisotropy and Interfacial Degradation in 3D-Printed Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Multi-Scale Evaluation and Engineering Implications”. Construction and Building Materials 491 (2025): 142722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142722.