Hardened Properties of 3D Printed Concrete Influenced by Anisotropy (2024-08)¶

The use of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) provides the capability to produce intricate and unique shapes by employing a printer equipped with a pump, hose, and nozzle. The efficiency of the printing process is a key factor in construction, determined by elements such as the dimensions and complexity of the printed parts, the pump rate, and the quality of the concrete mix. Achieving high precision during printing necessitates the use of advanced construction materials. Unlike traditional casting techniques, 3D CP does not require support formwork, making the fresh properties of the material, the orientation, and the printing direction critical to the structural integrity of the printed items. The process of layering in 3D concrete printing can introduce weaknesses at the joints, affecting the overall mechanical properties of the printed elements. This research explores the impact of loading direction relative to printing direction on the compressive strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. Moreover, study the effect of three different printing paths on the compressive strength of 3D printed specimens, comparing them with those created using conventional mould casting. The findings reveal that both the direction and path of printing play a significant role in determining the strength of the printed specimens.