Enhancing Indoor Environmental Quality Through Real-Time Monitoring (2026-01)¶

Developing sustainable buildings is a growing priority in addressing the environmental impact of the construction industry, which accounts for a significant portion of global energy consumption and carbon emissions. Beyond energy efficiency, ensuring occupant well-being is essential to sustainable design. This study explores the advantages of continuous indoor environmental quality monitoring using advanced sensor technology to enhance both health and comfort in buildings. A single-family house in Portugal, developed using 3D printing technology, serves as a case study and prototype. Sensors installed in different compartments collect real-time data on air temperature, formaldehyde, and particulate matter. These data are sent to a digital twin platform, enabling continuous analysis and the identification of variation patterns across different spaces. Additionally, continuous monitoring allows for the comparison of environmental conditions, highlighting the influence of factors such as building orientation and exposure to the external environment. The results emphasise the potential of integrating sensors with digital twins to improve operational efficiency and building management, while enhancing occupant health and comfort.