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COLD (2026-03)

Control and Optimization of Layer Deposition in Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing

10.1016/j.addlet.2026.100371

 Martins Diana,  Matos João,  Souda Diogo,  de Almeida Fernando
Journal Article - Additive Manufacturing Letters, Vol. 17, No. 100371

Abstract

Large-scale thermoplastic 3D printing is an emerging technology that enables cheaper and faster real-scale prototyping and rapid tooling. However, it still presents limitations that can lead to deformations in printed parts due to inadequate cooling conditions during the process. This study proposes COLD: a control and optimization of layer deposition system, based on temperature monitoring, to prevent print failures caused by excessive heat accumulation resulting from insufficient layer cooling time. A thermal camera was attached to a robotic printing system, and, after each layer is deposited, the average temperature of the regions where the next layer will be deposited is evaluated until it reaches a defined threshold. Conical thin wall parts were printed with and without COLD using Polypropylene 30% Glass Fiber, and the results show that it can contribute significantly to the success of large-scale additive manufacturing.

2 References

  1. Bos Freek, Wolfs Robert, Ahmed Zeeshan, Salet Theo (2016-08)
    Additive Manufacturing of Concrete in Construction:
    Potentials and Challenges of 3D Concrete Printing
  2. Placzek Gerrit, Schwerdtner Patrick (2023-07)
    Concrete Additive Manufacturing in Construction:
    Integration Based on Component-Related Fabrication-Strategies

0 Citations

BibTeX 
@article{mart_mato_soud_alme.2026.C,
  author            = "Diana Martins and João R. Matos and Diogo Souda and Fernando Gomes de Almeida",
  title             = "COLD: Control and Optimization of Layer Deposition in Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.addlet.2026.100371",
  year              = "2026",
  journal           = "Additive Manufacturing Letters",
  volume            = "17",
  pages             = "100371",
}
Formatted Citation

D. Martins, J. R. Matos, D. Souda and F. G. de Almeida, “COLD: Control and Optimization of Layer Deposition in Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing”, Additive Manufacturing Letters, vol. 17, p. 100371, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.addlet.2026.100371.

Martins, Diana, João R. Matos, Diogo Souda, and Fernando Gomes de Almeida. “COLD: Control and Optimization of Layer Deposition in Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing”. Additive Manufacturing Letters 17 (2026): 100371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2026.100371.