A Comprehensive Review of Factors Affecting 3D Printing Technology Adaptation in the Indian Construction Sector (2025-03)¶

3D printing is a transformative technology poised to revolutionize the construction industry. Despite widespread interest, its implementation remains limited in the sector. This research paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing the adoption of 3D printing in India’s construction industry, categorizing them into technological and economic dimensions. Key technological aspects include the availability, affordability, and integration of 3D printing with existing construction practices, while economic factors focus on financial viability, return on investment, and material costs. The paper also identifies significant barriers, such as the absence of standardized protocols, insufficient research and development, and a shortage of skilled labour and training programs. Also, the study highlights the environmental and operational advantages of 3D printing, notably in minimizing material waste and labour costs. A comparative case study highlights the substantial time and cost efficiencies of 3D-printed buildings, demonstrating significant reductions in material use and waste generation. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need to overcome current challenges through the establishment of standards and increased investment in R&D. At last, it states that 3D printing holds immense potential to revolutionize construction practices, enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and fostering innovative design possibilities.