Construction Mixtures for 3D Printing (2026-02)¶

This section presents the features and advantages of 3D printing technology for building structures. It provides an overview of construction printer designs and the materials used in 3D printing technology. General requirements for mixtures, concretes, and mortars based on them are formulated. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the structural strength of each layer and the adhesion strength between superimposed layers. The most common mixture compositions for 3D printers are considered, with their advantages and disadvantages highlighted. Based on an analysis of existing experience using 3D printing in building construction, technical requirements for mixtures are formulated depending on the type of building structure and 3D printer. This analysis demonstrates the importance of ensuring water retention capacity, resistance to delamination, the required viscosity, plastic strength, setting time, as well as compressive and flexural strength of concrete for 3D printing. The importance of introducing modifying additives into these mixtures to meet these requirements is emphasized. The design of the laboratory 3D printer on which the main research was conducted is presented.