Mechanical Properties of CFRP Grid Reinforced 3D Printed Concrete Arch Structures (2025-05)¶

A significant challenge for 3D printed concrete structures lies in reinforcement, as existing reinforcement methods do not fully capitalize on digitalization and automation. This study presents a case study of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid reinforced 3D printed concrete arch structure. On the one hand, a material reduction design is proposed for the reinforcement scheme based on the structure’s actual load requirements, aiming to better integrate reinforcement methods with digitalization. On the other hand, three printing methods for CFRP grid-reinforced 3D printed concrete arch structures are introduced: the auxiliary bottom formwork method, the integrated bottom formwork method, and the catenary curve printing method, all of which are intended to achieve greener and more automated printing and reinforcement processes. Mechanical performance tests of the specimens are conducted to evaluate various construction and reinforcement schemes. The test results indicate that the CFRP grid material reduction design, although sensitive to construction quality, effectively ensures structural performance while reducing material usage. Compared with the specimens without material reduction, a 27 % reduction in the CFRP grid maintains the mechanical performance, whereas a 53 % reduction ensures 80 % of the original strength and stiffness. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of different printing methods is presented, addressing aspects such as appearance, mechanical properties, construction difficulty, and environmental sustainability. The paper discusses the optimization potential, research value, and application prospects of the proposed approaches.